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A. PIAT & L. DELALOE.

RIVETING MACHINE.

Inventors,

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Patented Nov. 13, 1888.

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A. PIAT & L. DELALOE.

RIVETING MACHINE.

No. 392,751. Patented Nov. 13, 1888.

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ALBERT PIAT AND LEON DELALOE, OF PARIS,- FRANCE.

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EPECIE'ICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 392,751, dated November 13, 1888.

Application filed November 16, 1866. Serial No. 219,102. (No model.) Patented in Luxcmonrg March 15, 1886. No. 661.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ALBERT PIAT and Leon DELALOE, of Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Biveting-Machines, (for which we have received Letters Patent in Luxemburg, No. 661, dated March 15, 1886,) of which the following is a specification.

It is the object of our improvements to better utilize the force required for stamping and punching metals, and particularly for crushing the heads of rivets. in machines in which this force is transmitted by means of water compressed by hand.

Said improvements consist in the whole arrangement constituting the machine represented in Figures 1 to 7 of the accompanying drawings, the machine shown being specially intended for riveting.

Fig. 1 shows the whole machine in elevation and partly in section. Figs. 2 to 7 are sections of the essential details of the machine.

A, Fig. l, is an ordinary swan s-neck frame carrying at its ends inward the stamp or die B and the counter-die B. The die B at the lower end of the rod 0 of the working-piston D is arranged as near as possible to the outer face of the head E of'the frame, so that it might be possible to rivet near vertical walls. The whole frame is suspended either by collar F, if horizontal plates are to be riveted, or by collar F, if parts with vertical walls are to be riveted. The head E is hollow and threaded to receive a cylinder, G, provided with a lateral tube, g, a reservoir, G, rising above the cylinder G and inseparably connected with it, and is to communicate with it at certain times, as will be hereinafter fully explained. The rack a, cut on or attached to the rod 0, meshes with the pinion b, the axle of which is furnished at the outer end with a crank, which permits the piston to be raised or lowered by hand. Any other arrangement might be adopted to make this piston perform the first part of its downward motion.

The piston D receives its water directly either from cylinder 5/ and piston L or alternately from cylinder 0 and then from cylinder 9 alone, as will be indicated, the same water (with a slight admixture of glycerine to pre- Vent it from freezing) being always used in.

coming and going. The first part of the downward motion of piston D is always effected by hand, the pinion I) being made to act on the rack a, or otherwise. About threefourths of the total downward course, during which the piston D has only a slight resistance to overcome, is thus accomplished without any consumption of compressed liquid, and this is an import-ant point, inasmuch as not only the motive power is economized, but the operation is performed more rapidly and more efficiently. As long as the piston, moved by hand, thus descends, the cylinder G communicates, as will be described hereinafter, with the reservoir G, where water is kept in reserve to flow into cylinder G and follow piston D.

As soon as the stamp or dieB strikes the rivet and begins to crush it, the resistance increases so much that the operator cannot oven come it directly. The fly-wheel H is then actuated by means of a crank,which turns a bevelwheel, h, meshing with a similar wheel, h, the threaded hub of which actuates a screw, 1, of greater or less pitch. Said screw I is inclosed in a sheath, J, and makes part of the body of a piston, which may be a simple piston, L, provided the rivet be of small diameter. If, however, the diameter of the rivet be large, the piston is composed of two parts, K I moving, respectively,in the cylinders cg. The screw I can thus produce either a backward or a forward movement. Any other mechanical arrangement may be adopted for this purpose-such as those known as elliptic or cam gearingprovided it has the effect of diminishing the velocity as the resistance increases.

The space a communicates alternately and at the proper moments with cylinder G or only with the reservoir G. The space 9 communicates in a direct and permanent manner with cylinder G, which, through the channel 0, Fig. 4, communicates with the space below a little piston, M, actuated by a spring, z. Above the spring is arranged a valve, N, which may either rise of itself by aspiration or be raised by the rod of piston M. The latter case will occur whenever said piston, which has a diameter greater than that of the seat of valve N, is pushed upward by sufficient pressure from be1owa pressure which, per unit of area, will be equal to that acting on valve N. Cylinder G may also be made to communicate with the reservoir G and the cylinder 0 by means of valve 1?, which may be raised by hand at the proper moment with the aid of handle Q and catch j, or rise of itself,owing to the aspiration caused by piston D.

The channel I, which, through the narrow channel Z, communicates with the annular cylindrical space 0, divides into two contiguous channels, on at. One of these, on, after turning through a right angle, terminates under valve 0, while the other,m,flrst rises and then terminates over the above-mentioned valveN. Stoppers or plugs n for channel '12:, p q for channel at, and p q for channel mf m permit ac cess to these channels. The valves 0 I? each communicate with cylinder G, the former through a channel, a, the latter through a channel, 8. The valves N I both communicate with the reservoir G through the channel t and the lower chamber,c,in which moves the catch j. Now, as soon as piston D is lowered by hand. through the action of pinion b on rack a, or otherwise, the water of the reservoir G, owing to the descent of piston D, raises valve P through channel 8,- but as soon as the dies 1- l3 touch the rivet and begin to crush it the fly-wheel His put in operation to produce the necessary pressure on the water and to cause it to act on piston D. Owing to the motion of the flywheel II and wheels h h the screw I advances, pushing forward the connected parts K L of the two-diameter piston. At first these two pieces K L of the piston work jointly like a single piston, pressing the liquid into eylinde'r G, the former through channel 70, its branch m, valve O,and channel 1', the latter directly through channel g. This will go on until the pressure inside the cylinder G reaches a certain value corresponding to a first partial crushing of the rivet; but as soon as the rivet has been partly crushed and cooled, particularly if the rivet is of large diameter, the resistance to crushing increases to such a point that the force of a man would be insuflicient unless the velocity of progression of piston D be diminished. This diminution of speed is effected automatically through the operation of valve N, which, being subjected to the same pressure per unit of area as piston M, but being smaller, is raised by said piston when the desired pressure, corresponding to a partial crushing of the rivet, is reached inside cylinder G. As soon as valve N is opened, all that part of the liquid acted upon by the portion K of the piston passes from the annular space 0 into the reservoir G, and cylinder G henceforth receives only the liquid driven in by the portion L of the piston. Consequently the speed of piston D is diminished, while the crushing force is just as much increased, and under the action of this force the final crushing of the rivet is accomplished.

If the diameter of the rivet is sufliciently small, the crushing is accomplished with the same speed all through by means of piston L alone, as mentioned before, the two parts K L then acting as a single piston. For this purpose it will only be necessary to prevent valve N from opening.

lVhen the rivet is crushed,valve P is opened by means of handle Q and catch j, and piston D rises again under the action of pinion b. In rising the piston causes the water to flow back through channel 8 and through the seat of valve P into the reservoir G. Then, upon turning the fly II, the screw brings the pistons K L back to their original position. While moving backward these pistons suck up the water from reservoir G, piston K, through valve N, which opens of itself, owing to the aspiration exerted by the piston, and piston L, through valve P.

It is of course obvious that the gearing h h for actuating the piston K L may be driven by power instead of by hand.

\Ve claim- 1. In combination with the cylinder G and reservoir G, a piston, D, working in the cylinder G, a chamber, 9, communicating with the cylinder, a chamber, 0, communicating with the reservoir, a valve between the reservoir and the cylinder G, and piston K L, working in the chambers c and g, substantially in the manner shown, whereby when the pressure in the cylinder reaches a predetermined limit it will cause the valve to open and allow the fluid in the chamber 0 to flow into the cylinder G, thereby subjecting the fluid in said cylinder to the action only of the piston.

2. In combination with the cylinder G and its piston D, a reservoir, G, communicating with the cylinder by passages r and s, valves 0 and I, applied to said passages, a tappet, j, adapted to raise the valve 1, channels it and g, communicating, respectively, with the passage 1' and the cylinder G, and both communicating with a chamber, 0, and a double piston, K L, working in the chambers c 9, all substantially as shown.

3. In combination with cylinder G and its piston D, a reservoir, G, communicating with the cylinder by passagesoand s, valves 0 and 1?, arranged in the passagesr and s, achannel, k, having branches in and in, theformcr, m, connecting with the channel T when the valve 0 is raised, a valve, N, and piston M, held normally to their seats outside of the reservoir proper by the pressure from branch at, passage 0, extending from the cylinder to a point beneath the piston M, a chamber, a, connecting with the passage 7a, a chamber, 9, connecting with the cylinder, piston K L, working in the chambers c g and having its end threaded, a bevel pinion, h, having a threaded hub to re ceive the end of the piston, a second bevelwheel, h, meshing with the first, and means for turning the wheels h h. I

i. In combination with a cylinder, G, and a.

piston, D, working therein, achamber, g,com- I In testimony whereof we have signed this municating with said cylinder, a reservoir, G, specification in the presence of two snbserlblng 10 adapted to be brought into communication witnesses. with the cylinder when the pressure in the I cylinder reaches a predetermined limit, a

chamber, a, communicating with the reservoir, XVitnesses: and a double piston, K L, Working in the chambers c g, substantially as shown.

ALBERT PIAT. LEON DELALOE.

CH. CASALONGA, G. DUPONT. 

